Credits and licences
The dictionary underneath this site comes from open dictionary projects. Each is credited below with the licence it is used under. Everything built on top of it — the reading passages, the grammar notes and the practice — is original.
JMdict and KANJIDIC2
Word readings, meanings and parts of speech, and kanji readings, meanings and stroke counts, are derived from the JMdict and KANJIDIC2 files. These are the property of the Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group and are used in accordance with the group’s licence, which places them under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0. Material on this site derived from those files remains available under the same licence.
Tatoeba
Example sentences and their English translations come from Tatoeba contributors, used under CC BY 2.0 FR. The project is named on every vocabulary and dictionary screen that shows a sentence.
JLPT level lists
JEES does not publish official kanji or vocabulary lists for the current five-level exam. The level assignments used here are community reconstructions from past sittings: kanji levels from davidluzgouveia/kanji-data (MIT), vocabulary levels from wkei/jlpt-vocab-api. They are best estimates, not official. This site is not affiliated with JEES or the Japan Foundation, who administer the JLPT.
Reading passages and grammar notes
Every 読解 passage and every grammar explanation on this site is original, written to the published 問題 specification. None is reproduced from a past paper, and no third-party licence applies to them. Reading practice · Grammar.